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Friday, July 4, 2014

Humane is in the wallets of the beholder

Yoshihiro Kawaoka's influenza research has been much in the news recently.

The university is defending its repeated approval of his experiments. What choice do they have? They have to defend his work because they don't have the gumption to stop it, in spite of the fact that it increases the likelihood of many people being killed.

Their response to the criticism is the normal and predictable behavior of people who operate within well-defined social or political groups when challenged about their behavior. There may be cases that are exceptional, where some large group acknowledges its Groupthink error and fixes things right away, but I'm unable to cite one off the top of my head.

The reason I'm taking the time out to write here at all is to call attention to one specific thing. Kawaoka says that his research is safe. He also says that his use of animals is humane. By understanding what he means by humane, we might get an idea about what he might mean by safe.

The image below is a reproduction of a chart in a recent paper co-authored by Kawaoka. (Sorry about the terrible image quality; Google has done something to Blogger that has resulted in miserable image quality.)

Protective Efficacy of Passive Immunization with Monoclonal Antibodies in Animal Models of H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Infection. PLoS Pathog. Jun 2014.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4055766/#ppat.1004192.s007
See: Table S1



Sunday, June 29, 2014

Spanish flu discussion starting in local news.

Wisconsin State Journal - ‎8 hours ago‎
I strongly concur with the epidemiologists from Harvard and Yale who warned about the potential release of a possible virulent virus in the June 12 article about UW-Madison flu research. State Journal reporter David Wahlberg reported that UW-Madison ...
 
Wisconsin State Journal - ‎11 hours ago‎

Wednesday, June 4, 2014

In response to Dr. Robert N. Golden

In response to: Dr. Robert Golden: Monkey studies vital to better psychiatric treatments. Letter in Capital Times.6-4-2014.

Ironically, Dr. Robert N. Golden claimed that Dr. Murry Cohen's letter included distortions and misleading claims. But his rebuttal was richly spiced with errors and an altogether odd misunderstanding of Kalin's work given the fact they are both psychiatrists.

I don't think it is a coincidence that Dr. Golden is defending Dr. Kalin's research. Over a five year period, Kalin's project will receive $1,749,018 in tax dollars. At least a few cents of it will end up in Dr. Golden's check.

Dr. Golden claimed that Ned Kalin's past experiments on monkeys have demonstrated "that high levels of anxiety early in the lives of monkeys ... can result in the development of severe disabling anxiety." I can only guess, but it appears that Dr. Golden (or whoever wrote the letter for him) merely skimmed the titles of few of Kalin's papers. And certainly, the words "anxiety" and "primates" appear frequently in the titles. But Kalin does not appear to have ever published a paper on the subject of early anxiety causing severe disabling anxiety later in life. Most of the monkeys used in Kalin's anxiety related experiments are killed in the course of the experiment. Further, the anxiety in monkeys he has been studying over the past decades is a characteristic he and Richard Davidson found to be a "trait-like" characteristic of certain monkeys. Kalin's previous work based on this apparent genetic trait is not very closely related to the maternal deprivation experiments underway.

Dr. Golden says, "Kalin’s work seeks to uncover new understandings of the brain alterations that underlie anxious children’s high risk for these illnesses." That is what Dr. Kalin claims, but an examination of his hypotheses, his experimental design, and his past research using monkeys fatally undermines Dr. Golden's description. Kalin himself says that he is trying to find a miracle cure, a one-size-fits-all treatment for poor parenting and all forms of child abuse. He hopes that he might be able to actually prevent the problems associate with poor parenting with a pill for children based on the brain chemistry of emotionally and socially deprived infant monkeys.

Dr. Golden seems to know that about Kalin's goal. Dr. Golden says: "These insights can lead to effective early interventions for preventing the long-term effects of serious psychiatric disorders in at-risk children." Probably not. The interventions that are needed would be much more likely if the money being used by Kalin was given to local mental health service organizations.

Dr. Golden claims that Dr. Cohen's use of the term maternal deprivation is just the use of a "shocking catch phrase" used by animal rightists, and that in fact, the babies will be raised in a "nursery" "with their peers" "the way some farm animals are raised' "but with more care." And this absurdity: "While away from their mothers, the monkeys will live with and socially interact with their peers." Dr. Golden may be a gifted administrator for all I know, but he seems not to have a clue about how the monkeys are being raised.

Kalin's protocol is even available on-line thanks to the Alliance for Animals, Dr. Golden should have read it. The monkeys will be taken from their mothers within 24 hours of birth and housed completely alone for up to six weeks. Such individual housing of infant monkeys is a known detriment to them. Then they will be put with another infant of the same age who was also maternally deprived. These monkeys will never know their mothers, yet Dr. Golden says, "While away from their mothers, the monkeys will live with and socially interact with their peers." The so-called "interactions" in such deprived infants amount entirely to clinging to each other. And then Dr. Golden makes the wild leap: "This mild level of early adversity is designed to model the early life stress and adversity associated with unfavorable rearing and abandonment, which occurs all too frequently in humans around the world."

There is nothing "mild' about keeping a baby alone in a box; nor is it "mild" to put two babies in a box. I suspect that if human children were being kept like this, Dr. Golden would call it something other than "mild adversity."

Dr. Golden asks rhetorically "Why is this study important?" but he guides readers away from the real answer. Dr. Golden fears, just as everyone who experiments on animals does, that if the public actually raised its voice in concern (fat chance) that the seeming infinite fount of tax revenues flowing into the university to pay for experiments like Kalin's, which help pay his salary, might be slightly reduced.

Golden says, "Kalin’s lab is now on the threshold of identifying specific molecular targets for new treatments for anxiety and depression." Every lab in the country receiving tax dollars is always "on the threshold" of some major breakthrough that somehow never seems to pan out.

Golden says: "Cohen’s claim that 'findings in monkeys cannot generalize to humans' is disputed by an enormous body of scientific literature." Actually, the largest body of related scientific literature is just a list of one failure after the other. Dr. Golden seems to be imagining something that does not exist. Oddly, in light of this "enormous body" of scientific literature, Dr. Golden does not appear to cite much of it in his own psychiatric research.

Dr. Golden saves his wildest claims for the end of his rebuttal. He says, "UW-Madison encourages healthy debate about the role and limitations of animal models in biomedical research." But it doesn't. He is either confused or just being the propagandist. There are occasional lectures and a few questions from the audience. There is no "healthy debate" about the use of animals; the tax dollars raining on the university to support animal experimentation do a pretty admirable job at silencing any hint of such debate.

Dr. Golden says, "These discussions, often led by our bioethics faculty, are important to our public service mission." There are few discussions. The one bioethics faculty member involved in these show pieces has been so co-opted by the situational pressures that he has become part and parcel of the problem.

Dr. Golden repeats the standard pro vivisectionist line: "We believe the use of animals in research should be limited to those situations where there are not effective alternatives, and where the goal is the advancement of human health." But no one at the university involved in the use of animals really believes this. It sounds good, they think, but as their actions and the experiments they approve go to show, they really believe the use of animals should be limited only by the money that can be garnered to pay the salaries of the people conducting the experiments.

Dr. Golden says: "There are multiple levels of review for any proposed animal study, which includes oversight from outside the university as well as from within." I wonder if he has access to government grown weed?

Golden digs way up into his ass to pull out his final gem: "Patients and their families are counting on his work to provide new insights into these devastating psychiatric illnesses and the development of new treatments and better prevention strategies." No one is counting on Kalin for anything but some more money for the university, and Golden knows it. His spin on Kalin's work is mere propaganda, meant to confuse and delude. His letter is but another example the abuse of authority so common today; there is no honor or honesty among those who experiment on animals or those whose salaries are somehow dependent on the atrocities that occur in the labs.

Friday, December 20, 2013

USDA Fines Harvard $6.61

The USDA has fined Harvard University the equivalent of $6.61 for 11 animal welfare violations at its research labs in Massachusetts between 2011 and 2012.

The violations included the death of four monkeys as well as inadequate training of the people "managing" the animals. That works out to be sixty cents per violation.

This is what the USDA and spokespersons for the vivisection industry mean when they claim that there is rigorous oversight of their industry.

$24,000 fine / $185,000,000 - Harvard's annual gift from taxpayers = $6.61 / $51,000 - the average U.S. household income.

Would you slow down if a speeding ticket cost you a mere sixty cents?

"USDA has resolved its review with an agreement that we feel was appropriate."
-- Harvard spokesperson

What a joke. A sick depraved joke.

Tuesday, December 10, 2013

Crocodilians use tools for hunting

Crocodilians use tools for hunting
V. Dinets, J.C. Brueggen, J.D. Brueggen
Ethology Ecology & Evolution

Abstract

Using objects as hunting lures is very rare in nature, having been observed in just a handful of species. We report the use of twigs and sticks as bird lures by two crocodilian species. At least one of them uses this method predominantly during the nest-building season of its prey. This is the first known case of a predator not just using objects as lures, but also taking into account the seasonality of prey behavior. It provides a surprising insight into previously unrecognized complexity of archosaurian behavior.

It wasn't so very long ago that we believed that no animals other than white men had souls, minds, or inherent rights. But things change. A woman has just been named CEO of General Motors and on Monday, December 2, 2013, a writ of habeas corpus was filed in a court in New York on behalf of Tommy, a 26-year-old chimpanzee.

To those who take the time to notice, it appears that there are thinking beings all around us, beings with complex minds and interests. Their interests are the subject of increasing concern, discussion, action, and demand.

The fact that there are those among us who are concerned, won't let the conversation fade away, keep advocating for those who have no voice, and keep making demands on their behalf, is very hopeful.

Sunday, December 8, 2013

Those Damn Extremists

UW Madison's apologist for all terrible things done to animals in the name of money, excuse the slip, science, was miffed by my observation that on many issues the "extreme" view is the only moral one. You can read my original post here, and his confused denial of this plain truth here. He'd rather that people with strong views different from his not speak loudly enough to be heard. I'd be shocked if I didn't know who he was or his history of trying to keep the public in the dark. [Here, here, and for a laugh, here.]

[It's a real knee-slapper to me that he sees himself and his cronies as holding a middle position on hurting animals and that he thinks of himself as someone willing to compromise.]

Unless you live in a cave, you've heard by now at least someone lionizing Nelson Mandela. In fact, even UW Madison professors have joined in.

This must be troubling to the vivisectors who try so hard to use "extremism" as a cudgel to turn the curious away from careful thought about what they do to animals.

Up until 2008, the U.S. government considered Mandela a terrorist. See US government considered Nelson Mandela a terrorist until 2008, NBC News.

Apparently, Sandgren would have argued in 2007, that Mandela ought not be allowed to be part of the public conversation on racial discrimination.

I suspect that more than a few white South Africans would have agreed with him.

Wednesday, December 4, 2013

Wednesday, November 27, 2013

UW-Madison: Stacking the deck against animals

The university has announced the creation of new service that is apparently intended to provide assistance to campus scientists who have questions about the ethics of the experiments they plan to conduct.

On Campus: UW-Madison creates ethical consultation service for researchers

November 25, 2013 1:30 pm • JEFF GLAZE | Wisconsin State Journal | dsimmons@madison.com | 608-252-6138

UW-Madison researchers dealing with human or animal test subjects will have a new tool for navigating ethical uncertainties.

The university announced last week the creation of the Research Ethics Consultation Service, which will provide assistance to researchers on campus and at affiliated research centers.

The announcement comes roughly seven weeks after the National Institutes of Health cleared a UW-Madison laboratory of cat abuse allegations made by the animal rights group PETA. While there had been a recurring problem of infections related to the placement of head caps, eye coils and ear coils, the NIH found that cats generally were treated according to industry standards.

The consultation service is co-directed by Norman Fost, professor of pediatrics and bioethics in the School of Medicine and Public Health; and Pilar Ossorio, professor of law and bioethics and ethics scholar-in-residence at the university’s Morgridge Institute for Research. The idea is to provide varying levels of consultation based on the challenges of each case. For more complex situations, the consultation service will bring together a panel of university experts in topics such as human subjects, animal welfare, intellectual property or conflict of interest.

Ossorio estimates the service will get 20 to 30 inquiries a year based on consultation programs at other universities.
See too: New ethics consulting service to help UW scientists navigate gray areas

You might imagine, and I'll wager that the spin-doctors expected that you naturally would, that Norman Frost and Pilar Ossorio are well qualified to advise on the ethical, dare I say moral issues that could come into play when one takes the time to consider the use of animals as research tools. But no, they aren't. I suspect they were selected because of the absence of evidence that they have ever given the matter an iota of consideration.

Now, don't get me wrong. I think that choosing someone without a clear opinion on a particular matter can at times be the best course, particularly so if the issue is a moral one and you hope that an opinion can be formed based on the presentation of a body of evidence. We do this to a degree when selecting juries, and we tried to do this when we pushed to have Dane County create a citizens advisory committee to consider the ethics of using monkeys as research tools at the university a few years ago. (The possibility of a genuinely honest evaluation of what they do to the monkeys frightened the begeezus out of the university and they worked successfully behind the scenes to convince then county board chair Scott McDonell to scuttle our effort.)

But this case isn't like that at all. These two "bioethicists" have publication histories that provide some insight to what they believe. Norman Frost has been writing about the ethical quandaries surrounding medical research since at least 1973. PubMed lists about a hundred papers by him on the topic. That's 40 years of thinking about the ethics of medical research. As far as I can tell, during the past four decades he has brushed up against the issue of using animals only once; that was in a very brief paper from 2006, titled "The great stem cell debate: where are we now? Cloning, chimeras, and cash." You can read it here.

He says:
Stem cell lines, like most other new biomedical technologies, will have to be tested in animals. When the organs involved are hearts or livers or kidneys, the ethical questions are familiar ones about animal welfare and avoiding spread of infectious diseases. The new issue involves studies in which human brain cells could be implanted into a laboratory animal. In the worst case—and at this point imaginary—scenario, creative thinkers wonder whether a fully functioning human brain could develop inside, say, a goat, and if that did happen, should we think of it as a really smart goat, or as a human trapped in a goat’s body: the so-called “Help, let me out of here” fear.

Most scientists believe this is, and will remain, science fiction. They feel it is biologically highly implausible that human brain cells could organize themselves inside a goat’s head and function in a sufficiently organized way to raise concerns. National and local committees have developed guidelines to reduce the risk of such experiments. For example, one recommendation is that these studies not be allowed to use non-human primates, where the likelihood for a functioning brain might be higher. And ethicists are increasingly directing their attention to the legitimacy of such concerns, and whether further restrictions are needed.
Two implications of his opinions of animals that emerge from this passage seem fairly clear. 1. The "familiar" ethical questions that arise when using animals have never motivated him to address them; and 2. His only concern is the creation of neurological chimeras that could have human minds. Apparently, the experiences being lived by a goat don't rise to the level of needing even a comment.

You can visit his university page here.

And then there's Pilar Ossorio. Here's what her webpage says:
Dr. Ossorio's research interests revolve around research ethics and the protection of research participants, including: governance of large bioscience projects; data sharing in scientific research; the use of race in biomedical and social science research; ethical and regulatory issues in human subjects research; and the regulation and ethics of online research. She is also quite interested in novel ethical, regulatory, and policy issues raised by research aimed at moving scientific and engineering findings from the laboratory to the product development and medical/therapeutic applications (translational research).
PubMed lists seventeen publications from her since 1999 that address the ethics of medical research, none of which have anything to do with animals. In the thirteen or so years that she's been thinking about the ethics of medical research, not once, as far as I can tell, has she addressed the use of animals in her published papers.

I did though find a pdf of a set of slides from a presentation she gave. You can see the file here.

Here's the germane slide, notice the close similarity to the points raised by Frost. It seems reasonable to imagine that they hold similarly vacant views about harming animals. Neither of them seem to have noticed that there is someone looking back at them. They both appear to me to be dead to the notion.
Animal Safety Concerns...

• Injecting human stem cells into animals could create a variety of chimeras
– Yuck factor!!! But...
• We already make a variety of human – non-human chimeras during research
• Beyond the yuck factor: “What is actually wrong with making chimeras???”

– One possible problem
• Create an organism that has human-like cognitive or emotional qualities. It’s existence could constitute a harm, or we could inadvertantly [sic] harm it in research by failing to recognize its interests or rights
And yet, these are the two "experts" named by the university who will help guide vivisectors through the possible ethical issues they might encounter. (I wonder if either of them are vegan?) The new "Research Ethics Consultation Service" would be a scream if the actual screams from the labs weren't quite so blood-curdling.